Doctor holding a magnifying glass up to a uterus model.

How Uterine Anomalies Can Affect Fertility

Diagnosis & Treatment /
Talk to a Care Navigator

Uterine anomalies affect approximately 6% of individuals with a uterus worldwide. Some individuals with uterine anomalies conceive without difficulty. Meanwhile, others may face various challenges. The good news is that with proper medical help, many people with uterine anomalies go on to have successful pregnancies.

So, what are the different types of uterine anomalies? Are there specific uterus problems that cause infertility? And what causes uterine abnormalities in the first place? Below, we take a closer look.

Classification of Uterine Anomalies & Their Effects on Fertility

Each type of uterine anomaly can affect fertility and pregnancy differently. Generally speaking, only a septated uterus contributes more significantly to infertility. There are six different types, as explored below.

Septate Uterus

A septate uterus contains a wall of tissue (septum) that divides the uterine cavity—either partially or completely. This is one of the most common uterine anomalies that may impact fertility. The presence of the septum can:

  • Restrict the growth of the fetus
  • Result in a preterm birth
  • Cause a miscarriage
  • Lead to premature labor
  • Cause the baby to become breeched

The good news is that a septate uterus is often treatable through minimally invasive surgery. In fact, removing the septum can significantly improve fertility outcomes.

Arcuate Uterus

An arcuate uterus has a slight indentation at the top (fundus) of the uterine cavity. This is considered one of the mildest forms of uterine anomalies and often doesn’t significantly impact fertility. 

Didelphys Uterus or Double Uterus

A didelphys uterus (also known as a double uterus) occurs when the uterus develops into two separate cavities. Each of these cavities may also have its own cervix and vaginal canal. Yet, they may share a cervix and vagina as well. While pregnancy is possible with a didelphys uterus, individuals might face increased risks of:

  • Preterm labor 
  • Miscarriage 
  • Breech positioning of the baby 
  • Cesarean delivery

Despite these challenges, many people with a double uterus go on to have successful pregnancies.

Bicornuate Uterus

A bicornuate uterus happens when the uterus has two chambers separated by a ridge of tissue. This creates a distinctive heart-like shape at the top of the uterus. While pregnancy is possible with a bicornuate uterus, this variation may present some challenges. These may involve:

  • Miscarriage
  • Preterm birth
  • Breech positioning
  • Increased need for a C-section

However, most often, the uterus expands to accommodate the growing fetus. Your healthcare provider will likely monitor you closely during pregnancy for any complications.

Unicornuate Uterus

A unicornuate uterus is when only half the uterus develops. This results in an unusually-shaped uterus with only one fallopian tube. 

This variation can present more significant fertility challenges due to:

  • Reduced uterine capacity 
  • Higher risk of ectopic pregnancy 
  • Increased chance of miscarriage 
  • Greater likelihood of preterm labor 
  • Potential kidney-related complications

However, successful pregnancies are still possible with proper medical care and monitoring. Your fertility specialist can develop a comprehensive treatment plan to address any challenges.

Uterine Anomalies Diagnosis 

Diagnosing uterine anomalies typically involves imaging tests. These allow your healthcare team to get a clear picture of your uterus. Your doctor may recommend:

  • Sonohysterogram (SHG): This procedure combines ultrasound with saline solution inserted into the uterus. The saline helps create clearer images of the uterine cavity.
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI provides detailed images of your reproductive organs. It’s particularly helpful in complex cases or when planning surgical procedures.

Fertility Treatment Options for Uterine Anomalies

Treatment options vary depending on the type of uterine anomaly and its impact on your fertility. Your fertility specialist will work with you to develop a personalized treatment plan. This may include:

At TRIO, we understand that learning about a uterine anomaly can feel overwhelming. Our team of fertility specialists has extensive experience in treating various uterine conditions. We can help you achieve your dream of having a family. 

Ready to learn more about your fertility options? Speak with a TRIO Care Navigator today. Together, we can help you navigate your path to parenthood.

References:

Related Articles